test: add tests for non-2xx HTTP status handling (fixes #3091) #3468

Job	Run time
checks / docs	35s
checks / pre-commit	49s
checks / test (3.13, lowest-direct, windows-latest)	1m 48s
checks / test (3.13, lowest-direct, ubuntu-latest)	54s
checks / readme-snippets	16s
checks / test (3.13, locked, ubuntu-latest)	1m 3s
checks / test (3.10, lowest-direct, windows-latest)	1m 52s
checks / test (3.14, locked, windows-latest)	1m 55s
checks / test (3.12, lowest-direct, ubuntu-latest)	1m 8s
checks / test (3.14, lowest-direct, windows-latest)	1m 46s
checks / test (3.14, lowest-direct, ubuntu-latest)	55s
checks / test (3.11, lowest-direct, windows-latest)	1m 56s
checks / test (3.11, locked, windows-latest)	1m 45s
checks / test (3.13, locked, windows-latest)	1m 49s
checks / test (3.10, locked, windows-latest)	1m 50s
checks / test (3.11, locked, ubuntu-latest)	54s
checks / test (3.14, locked, ubuntu-latest)	1m 8s
checks / test (3.12, locked, windows-latest)	1m 55s
checks / test (3.12, lowest-direct, windows-latest)	1m 51s
checks / test (3.10, locked, ubuntu-latest)	1m 8s
checks / test (3.11, lowest-direct, ubuntu-latest)	59s
checks / test (3.12, locked, ubuntu-latest)	1m 30s
checks / test (3.10, lowest-direct, ubuntu-latest)	1m 10s
all-green	4s
	31m 0s

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