Compile fails with PlatformIO under Windows

[gicking]

Describe the bug
(Any) Arduino sketch fails to compile with Arduino Core STM32 v3.0.0 under Windows

Due to recent enhancements, I need Arduino Core STM32 v3.0.0 for a PlatformIO project. Under Linux the project compiles, under Windows I get this error

Processing nucleo_l432kc (platform: ststm32; board: nucleo_l432kc; framework: arduino)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Verbose mode can be enabled via `-v, --verbose` option
CONFIGURATION: https://docs.platformio.org/page/boards/ststm32/nucleo_l432kc.html
PLATFORM: ST STM32 (19.7.1) > ST Nucleo L432KC
HARDWARE: STM32L432KCU6 80MHz, 64KB RAM, 256KB Flash
DEBUG: Current (stlink) On-board (stlink) External (blackmagic, cmsis-dap, jlink)
PACKAGES:
 - framework-arduinoststm32 @ 0.0.0+sha.7698174
 - framework-cmsis @ 2.60300.0 (6.3.0)
 - framework-cmsis-dsp @ 1.16.2
 - toolchain-gccarmnoneeabi @ 1.120301.0 (12.3.1)
LDF: Library Dependency Finder -> https://bit.ly/configure-pio-ldf
LDF Modes: Finder ~ chain, Compatibility ~ soft
Found 15 compatible libraries
Scanning dependencies...
No dependencies
Building in release mode
Compiling .pio\build\nucleo_l432kc\FrameworkArduinoVariant\PeripheralPins.c.o
Compiling .pio\build\nucleo_l432kc\FrameworkArduinoVariant\generic_clock.c.o
...
Compiling .pio\build\nucleo_l432kc\SrcWrapper\src\LL\stm32yyxx_ll_ucpd.c.o
In file included from C:\Users\ICK2BUE\.platformio\packages\framework-arduinoststm32@src-d84578b36232bb5f951e2e3754949218\cores\arduino/api/ArduinoAPI.h:31,
                 from C:\Users\ICK2BUE\.platformio\packages\framework-arduinoststm32@src-d84578b36232bb5f951e2e3754949218\cores\arduino/Arduino.h:36,
                 from C:\Users\ICK2BUE\.platformio\packages\framework-arduinoststm32@src-d84578b36232bb5f951e2e3754949218\libraries\SrcWrapper\src\HardwareTimer.cpp:26:
C:\Users\ICK2BUE\.platformio\packages\framework-arduinoststm32@src-d84578b36232bb5f951e2e3754949218\cores\arduino/api/Print.h: In member function 'size_t arduino::Print::write(const char*)':
C:\Users\ICK2BUE\.platformio\packages\framework-arduinoststm32@src-d84578b36232bb5f951e2e3754949218\cores\arduino/api/Print.h:54:42: error: 'strlen' was not declared in this scope
   54 |       return write((const uint8_t *)str, strlen(str));
      |                                          ^~~~~~
C:\Users\ICK2BUE\.platformio\packages\framework-arduinoststm32@src-d84578b36232bb5f951e2e3754949218\cores\arduino/api/Print.h:27:1: note: 'strlen' is defined in header '<cstring>'; did you forget to '#include <cstring>'?
   26 | #include "String.h"
  +++ |+#include <cstring>
   27 | #include "Printable.h"
Compiling .pio\build\nucleo_l432kc\SrcWrapper\src\LL\stm32yyxx_ll_usart.c.o
...
Compiling .pio\build\nucleo_l432kc\SrcWrapper\src\stm32\clock.c.o
*** [.pio\build\nucleo_l432kc\SrcWrapper\src\HardwareTimer.cpp.o] Error 1

================================================== [FAILED] Took 22.36 seconds ==================================================

 *  The terminal process "C:\Users\ICK2BUE\.platformio\penv\Scripts\platformio.exe 'run'" terminated with exit code: 1.
*  Terminal will be reused by tasks, press any key to close it.

Compiling the attached dummy PlatformIO project STM32_bug.zip shows the same error. I tried with Linux and Arduino IDE also and get the following results

• Linux
  • PlatformIO: ok
  • Arduino IDE: ok
• Windows
  • PlatformIO / Arduino Core STM32 v3.0.0: fails
  • Arduino IDE: ok

Note that the project compiles without error with previous v2.12.0 of Arduino Core STM32, so this was newly introduced with v3.0.0.

To Reproduce

Steps to reproduce the behavior:

1. Under Windows, open the attached project STM32_bug.zip in VSCode / PlatformIO
2. Press compile
3. See error

Expected behavior
Project should build without error.

Screenshots
See above error message

Desktop (please complete the following information):

• OS: Windows 11
• STM32 core version: 3.0.0

Board (please complete the following information):

• Name: Nucleo L432KC

Additional context
ChatGPT suspects that this is due to Windows file system not being case sensitive, i.e. #include "String.h" and #include <string.h> are not distinguished. This would explain why Linux has no issue, as it's file system is case sensitive.

I tried to fix the problem and issue a pull request, but I failed. Also, I figured that this should be easy to fix, as v2.12.0 of Arduino Core STM32 did not have this issue